@article { author = {Eslami, J and Mortazavi, S M J and Mortazavi, S A R}, title = {A Glance at the Errors of Some Studies on the Health Effects of High Background Natural Radiation Areas v}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {389-394}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.671}, abstract = {There is no place on the Earth, the planet we live on, where the natural background radiation level is zero. Since the birth and even in our fetal stage, we have been exposed to different sources of natural radiation. Life, in fact, evolved in a radiation environment that was much more harsh than today. Earth serves as a source of terrestrial radiation. Uranium, thorium, and radium are among the radioactive materials that naturally exist in soil and rock. Moreover, the air, we breathe, contains radon, a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that is created naturally by the radioactive decay of uranium and radium. The crucial importance of the studies on the health effects of living in areas with high levels of background radiation for understanding the biological impact of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation is well documented. Despite the undeniable need for accurate information about the health effects of exposure to high levels of background radiation, many published papers suffer from methodological and other common types of errors. In this paper, we review three articles published on high background radiation areas. The first paper has addressed the frequencies of unstable (dicentrics& rings), stable (translocations & inversions), and other types of chromosome aberration in adult men from both high background radiation areas of Kerala and areas with normal background radiation. The second paper has addressed different aspects of the world’s high background natural radiation areas. Finally, the third paper has tried to address the role of background radiation on males to females’ ratio at birth. The author has mainly referred to the studies performed on the impact of radiation exposures from nuclear testing (worldwide) and Chernobyl fallout (in Europe).The major shortcomings of these three papers, especially methodological errors, which affected the accuracy of their findings and conclusions are discussed.}, keywords = {Background Radiation,Biology,Health}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45758.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45758_75b5f139483311e58a3b6fec08aba4ae.pdf} } @article { author = {Nainggolan, A and Pawiro, S A}, title = {Dosimetric Evaluation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Using AAPM TG 119 Protocol}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {395-408}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.839}, abstract = {Background: The commissioning accuracy of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) need to be evaluated.Objective: To test and evaluate commissioning accuracy of VMAT based on the TG 119 protocols at local institution. Material and Methods: The phantom, structure sets, VMAT and IMRT beam parameter setup, dose prescriptions and planning objectives were following TG 119 guidelines to create local treatment plans of VMAT and IMRT. The local planning results were compared with the results of TG 119. Point measurement at high and low dose regions were measured using three ionization chambers with different active volumes (CC01, CC13, FC65G). The composite dose was measured by a 2D detector array and analyzed for the percentage of points passing the gamma criteria of 3 % dose difference (DD) and 3 mm distance-to-agreement (DTA) and 2 % DD and 2 mm DTA. Results: The local treatment plans of VMAT and IMRT capable to meet the dose goals criteria set by TG 119 except for C-shape hard. Three ionization chambers with various active volumes for point measurement showed an increase in the confidence limit (CL), the larger the active volume was found proportional to increase the value of CL. The results obtained from ion chambers CC01 and CC13 could met the dose criteria set by TG 119, but results obtained from ion chamber FC65G fail the criteria. All gamma evaluation results show more than 95% data points pass the criteria of 3% DD and 3 mm DTA and the gamma index CL results fall within the TG 119 criteria, which is below 12.4. Conclusion: TG 119 methodology and recommendations have successfully been used to evaluate commissioning accuracy of VMAT. The CL value of the study could be used as a reference and recommendation to evaluate the accuracy and integrity of treatment planning and treatment delivery systems of VMAT and IMRT.}, keywords = {Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated,Radiometry,Phantoms,Imaging Radiotherapy Planning,Computer-Assisted}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46587.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46587_e3bf34b136666bafb61f7858d89c13dd.pdf} } @article { author = {Zaman, M U and Fatima, N and Mehdi, S U and Sami, M and Khan, Kh and Khan, G}, title = {Personalized 18FDG Dose Synthesis Using BG-75 Generator: 1st Year Experience at JCI Accredited Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {409-416}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.792}, abstract = {Background: Compact cyclotrons are getting popular to fulfill enormous current demands of PET tracers. Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan has acquired the first smallest footprint of BG-75 Generator for 18FDG-based PET/CT clinical imaging. We are sharing our experience of BG-75 in the first year (December 2015-November 2016) after commissioning. Material and Methods: BG-75 Generator (ABT, USA) was installed in available space without major design modification. It has a self-shielded mini-cyclotron (7.5 MeV proton beam, positive ion with current < 5µA) to produce [18F]F-, an automated card-based radiochemistry module to produce 18FDG and automated QC module to perform tests upon each batch of 18FDG. Data were collected for yields of [18F]F-, 18FDG, QC and radiation safety parameters. Results: Total 545 runs in 167 days (3±01 runs/day) were made. Average yield with 60 minute bombardment using 4.5 µA current was 37 mCi and 21 mCi for [18F]F- and 18FDG, respectively. Total 29 runs had chemistry or QC failures and were discarded. Remaining 516 batches were used to perform imaging upon 1370 patients (8±03 patients/day). Radiation dose in BG-75 suite and effective doses to 02 operators were within statutory limits. Conclusion: BG-75 Generator provides safe, dependable and sustainable supply of 18F-Fluoride for 18FDG and other low-volume clinical PET imaging. Its compactness and automation need minimal space and manpower. Radiation dose rate in cyclotron suite and personal dosimetry were also found within safe limits. Its Dose-on-Demand workflow offers a new concept of Personalized Dose Preparation which is currently not possible with a conventional cyclotron.}, keywords = {Cyclotron,Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography,Fluorodeoxyglucose 18F}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46586.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46586_fbfc4f6882a3482b041f7f8aa1531d51.pdf} } @article { author = {Rostampour, N and Jabbari, K and Nabavi, Sh and Mohammadi, M and Esmaeili, M}, title = {Dynamic MLC Tracking Using 4D Lung Tumor Motion Modelling and EPID Feedback}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {417-424}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.769}, abstract = {Background: Respiratory motion causes thoracic movement and reduces targeting accuracy in radiotherapy. Objective: This study proposes an approach to generate a model to track lung tumor motion by controlling dynamic multi-leaf collimators. Material and Methods: All slices which contained tumor were contoured in the 4D-CT images for 10 patients. For modelling of respiratory motion, the end-exhale phase of these images has been considered as the reference and they were analyzed using neuro-fuzzy method to predict the magnitude of displacement of the lung tumor. Then, the predicted data were used to determine the leaf motion in MLC. Finally, the trained algorithm was figured out using Shaper software to show how MLCs could track the moving tumor and then imported on the Varian Linac equipped with EPID.Results: The root mean square error (RMSE) was used as a statistical criterion in order to investigate the accuracy of neuro-fuzzy performance in lung tumor prediction. The results showed that RMSE did not have a considerable variation. Also, there was a good agreement between the images obtained by EPID and Shaper for a respiratory cycle. Conclusion: The approach used in this study can track the moving tumor with MLC based on the 4D modelling, so it can improve treatment accuracy, dose conformity and sparing of healthy tissues because of low error in margins that can be ignored. Therefore, this method can work more accurately as compared with the gating and invasive approaches using markers.}, keywords = {Lung Neoplasms,Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated,Fuzzy Logic}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46585.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46585_00375de7615433f464921ab3f7d9ef2a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mozaffari, A and Ghorbani, M}, title = {Determination of TG-43 Dosimetric Parameters for Photon Emitting Brachytherapy Sources}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {425-436}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.570}, abstract = {Objective: Brachytherapy sources are widely used for the treatment of cancer. The report of Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) of American Association of Physicists in Medicine is known as the most common method for the determination of dosimetric parameters for brachytherapy sources. The aim of this study is to obtain TG-43 dosimetric parameters for 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir and 103Pd brachytherapy sources by Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: In this study, 60Co (model Co0.A86), 137Cs (model 6520-67), 192Ir (model BEBIG) and 103Pd (model OptiSeed) brachytherapy sources were simulated using MCNPX Monte Carlo code. To simulate the sources, the exact geometric characterization of each source was defined in Monte Carlo input programs. Dosimetric parameters including air kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy function were calculated for each source. Each input program was run with sufficient number of particle histories. The maximum type A statistical uncertainty in the simulation of the 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir and 103Pd sources, were equal to 4%, 4%, 3.19% and 6.50%, respectively. Results: The results for dosimetry parameters of dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy function for the 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir and 103Pd sources in this study demonstrated good agreement with other studies. Conclusion: Based on the good agreement between the results of this study and other studies, the TG-43 results for Co0.A86 60Co, 67-65200 137Cs, BEBIG 192Ir and OptiSeed 103Pd sources are validated and can be used as input data in treatment planning systems (TPSs) and to validate the TPS calculations.}, keywords = {Brachytherapy,TG-43 dosimetric Parameters,Monte Carlo Method,60Co,137Cs,192Ir,103Pd}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46584.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46584_0d9f7b1470a9a9604345f8a3a9907c46.pdf} } @article { author = {Zeghari, A and Saaidi, R and Cherkaoui El Moursli, R}, title = {Enhancement of the Dose on 12 MV Linac with Free Flattening Filter Mode}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {437-444}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.924}, abstract = {Purpose: In the last years, some studies investigated dosimetric benefits of a free flattening filter for the photon mode in the radiotherapy field. This study aims to provide a theoretical study published and analysis of basic dosimetric properties for a Saturne 43 Linac head to implement free flattening filter beams clinically. Material and Methods: This is the first Monte Carlo study for the head of Saturne 43 with replacement flattening filter mode investigating beam dosimetric characteristics, including central axis absorbed doses, beam profiles and photon energy spectra. The later ones were analyzed for flattening filter and replacement flattening filter beams using BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc Monte Carlo codes for 10 × 10 cm2, 5 × 5 cm2 and 2 × 2 cm2 square field sizes. Results: A 3.94-fold increase of dose rate and electron contaminating increased by 246.4 % with the replacement flattening filter mode for field size of 10 × 10 cm2. Reduction was made by replacement flattening filter beam in the peripheral dose up to 30%, and the time was reduced more than 50 %. Conclusion: Results obtained from our study revealed that some characteristic dosimetries such as the maximum increase in depth dose rate, decrease in out-of-depth dose, and reducing time can be beneficial for the unflattened beam to be used in the radiotherapy for the advanced techniques.}, keywords = {Monte Carlo Method,Radiotherapy,Radiation dosimetry,Stereotactic Radiation}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45765.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45765_a6874a54dbbc543d164badf679073189.pdf} } @article { author = {Shanei, A and Heydari, F and Moslehi, M}, title = {Determination of Uterus Absorbed Dose by Patients following Myocardial Perfusion Scan using TLD and Conjugate View Methods}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {445-452}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.574}, abstract = {Introduction: The determination of patient’s absorbed dose is the first step of radiation protection which depends on the quantification of organ activity in nuclear medicine. The aim of the present study was to determine the absorbed dose by patient’s uterus following myocardial perfusion scan with 99mTC-sestamibi using Theroluminescnce dosimetry (TLD) and conjugate-view methods. Material and Method: In this study, each patient was injected 15 to 20 mCi (based on their weight) of 99mTC-sestamibi. Myocardial perfusion scan from twenty two patients (females) were acquired by gamma camera at 15, 60 and 90 minutes after 99mTC-sestamibi injection. To determine the amount of activity in uterus, conjugate view method was applied on images. Then, MIRD equation was used to estimate absorbed dose in uterus of patients. Moreover, uterus absorbed dose was determined using TLD method. At the end, absorbed dose values obtained in conjugate view method were compared with the data obtained from TLD method. Results: The average amount of uptake for 99mTC-sestamibi by heart was calculated 3.077±0.067 percent of injected dose. The uterus activity at the intervals of 15, 60 and 90 minutes after injection of 99mTC-sestamibi was 0.044±0.015, 0.031±0.014 and 0.026±0.013 mCi, repectively. The uterus absorbed dose per unit of injected activity (mGy/MBq × 10−4) obtained 5.258±0.500 using TLD method. Conclusion: The results of this study were in good agreement with similar studies. Dosimetry using TLD, in comparison with the conjugate view method, demonstrates more accurate results.}, keywords = {Radionuclide Imaging,Myocardial Perfusion Imaging,Thermoluminescent Dosimetry,Uterus}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46574.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46574_6eff536f1b356f42ef43fb487c694950.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaeyan, A and Tahmasebi Birgani, M J and Chegeni, N and Sarkarian, M and Hanafi, M Gh and Akbarizadeh, Gh}, title = {Signal Intensity of High B-value Diffusion-weighted Imaging for the Detection of Prostate Cancer}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {453-458}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.811}, abstract = {Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a main component of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection. Recently, high b value DWI has gained more attention because of its capability for tumor characterization. Objective: To assess based on histopathological findings of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy as a reference, an increase in signal intensity of prostatic lesions in comparison with normal background tissue on high b-value diffusion-weighted images could be a sign of malignancy. Material and Methods: Fifty-three consecutive patients retrospectively included in the study. All patients underwent routine TRUS-guided prostate biopsies involving 12 cores after the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. In seventeen patients (n =35 lesions), the prostate cancer was histologically confirmed by TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The biopsy results of other patients were negative. Signal intensities on the high b-value (1600 s/mm2) images of the peripheral zone, the central gland, and the defined lesions were evaluated using region of interest-based measurements. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for prostate cancer detection using signal intensity of high b value diffusion-weighted images were calculated. Results: In the patients with confirmed prostate cancer, fourteen had visually increased SI on the high b-value images. The SI of lesions for these patients was higher than the SI of peripheral zone (22±18%) or central gland (31±20%). In patients with a negative biopsy, eight had visually increased SI on the high b-value images. The SI of lesions for these patients was 23±21% and 35±18% higher than the SI in the peripheral zone and the central gland, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for prostate cancer using SI of high b value DWI were 71, 87, 62, and 87 %, respectively. Conclusion: Visually increased SI on the high b-value images can be an indication of malignancy, although some benign lesions also show this increase in signal intensity.}, keywords = {Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,Prostatic Neoplasms,Predictive Value of Tests}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45767.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45767_84d9c912f191c81a03d4388d5cbd8661.pdf} } @article { author = {Davanian, F and Faeghi, F and Shahzadi, S and Farshidfar, Z}, title = {Evaluation of Diffusion Anisotropy and Diffusion Shape in Grading of Glial Tumors}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {459-464}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.513}, abstract = {Background: The most common primary tumors of brain are gliomas. Grading of tumor is vital for designing proper treatment plans. The gold standard choice to determine the grade of glial tumor is biopsy which is an invasive method.Objective: In this study, we try to investigate the role of fractional anisotropy (diffusion anisotropy) and linear anisotropy coefficient (its shape) with the aim of Diffusion Tensor imaging (as a non-invasive method) in the grading of gliomas.Methods: A group of 20 patients with histologically glial approved was evaluated. In this study, we used a 1.5-Tesla MR system (AVANTO; Siemens, Germany) with a standard head coil for scanning. Multi-directional diffusion weighted imaging (measured in 12 non-collinear directions) and T1 weighted non-enhanced were performed for all patients. We defined two Regions of Interest (ROIs); white matter adjacent to the tumor and the homologous fiber tracts to the first ROI in the contralateral hemisphere.Results: Linear anisotropy coefficient (CL), fractional anisotropy (FA) values and ratios of low-grade peri-tumoral fiber tracts were higher than high-grade gliomas (P-value CLt=0.014, P-value CLt/n=0.019 and P-value FAt=0.006, P-value FAt/n=0.024). In addition, we perform ROC curve for each parameter (CL ratio-AUC = 0.82 and FA ratio-AUC = 0.868).Conclusion: Our findings prove significant difference between diffusion anisotropy (FA) and diffusion shape (Cl) between low grade and high grade glioma, based on which we find this evaluation helpful in the grading of glial tumors.}, keywords = {Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,Glioma,Anisotropy}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46573.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46573_4fc5fb3df18f37d55b497f75381ac27e.pdf} } @article { author = {Kazemi, F and Malekie, S and Hosseini, M A}, title = {A Monte Carlo Study on the Shielding Properties of a Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/WO3 Composite, Against Gamma Rays, Using the MCNPX Code}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {465-472}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1114}, abstract = {Background: In recent years, there has been an increased interest toward non-lead radiation shields consisting of small-sized filler particles doped into polymer matrices. In this paper, we study a new polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/WO3 composite in the presence of high-energy gamma photons through simulation via the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation code. Material and Methods: An MCNP geometry was first designed in the software based on real-life conditions, and the generated geometry was validated by calculating the mass attenuation coefficient and making relative comparisons with standard tables. Using the lattice card in the MCNP input file, WO3 was considered as a filler dispersed in a PVA polymer at sizes of 10 µm and 30 nm with a weight concentration of 50 wt%. By defining 106-photons emitted from point sources corresponding to 662, 778, 964, 1112, 1170, 1130 and 1407 keV energy levels, and the F4 tally used to estimate the cell average flux, the values for mass attenuation coefficient and half-value layer (HVL) were calculated. Results: The results show that PVA/WO3 composite can be considered to shield X and γ-rays in the mentioned energies. However, nano-WO3 has a better ability to shield in comparison with the micro-WO3 fillers. The differences in attenuation changed at different energy levels, ascribed to the dominance of pair production occurrence and photon interactions in the composite, which was in good agreement with previous studies. Conclusion: Our finding showed that the composite can be considered as a lead-free shielding material.}, keywords = {Radiation protection,Monte Carlo Method,Gamma rays,Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA),Tungsten Trioxide (WO3),MCNP code}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45769.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45769_70848893fc92cfbc426bcdc3a479e693.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahimi-Moghaddam, F and Sattarahmady, N and Azarpira, N}, title = {Gold-Curcumin Nanostructure in Photo-thermal Therapy on Breast Cancer Cell Line: 650 and 808 nm Diode Lasers as Light Sources}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {473-482}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.906}, abstract = {Background: Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit very unique physiochemical and optical properties, which now are extensively studied in a range of medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. AuNPs can be used for cancer clinical treatment with minimal invasion. On the other hand, curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric which is used for medical purposes due to its anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite these potential properties of curcumin, its usage is limited in medicine due to low solubility in water. Conjugation of curcumin to AuNPs (Au-Cur nanostructure) can be increasing its solubility. Photo-thermal therapy (PTT) is a novel kind of cancer treatment which involves two major components: laser and photo-thermoconversion agents. Materials and Methods: Here, diode lasers emitting 808 nm and 650 nm were utilized as light sources, and synthesized Au-Cur nanostructure was applied as a photo-thermo conversion agent. UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were applied to study the maximum absorption of particles, size stability of the samples and their zeta potential. The synthesized Au-Cur nanostructure under irradiation of laser is used for PPT on 4T1 cells. The cytotoxicity activity of Au-Cur nanostructure and laser irradiation on 4T1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Results: Synthesized Au-Cur nanostructure showed λmax at 540 nm and a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 25.8 nm. 4T1 cells were exposed to an 808 nm diode laser (1.5 W cm2, 10 min) in the presence of different concentrations of Au-Cur nanostructure. Next, 4T1 cells with Au-Vur nanostructure were exposed to diode laser beam (650 nm, 1.5 W cm2) for 10 min. The results revealed that Au-Cur nanostructure under laser irradiation of 808 nm more decreased cell viability of 4T1 cells compared to laser irradiation of 650 nm. Conclusion: It was concluded that combining an 808-nm laser at a power density of 1.5W/cm2 with Au-Cur nanostructure has a destruction effect on 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro experiments compared to laser irradiation of 650 nm.}, keywords = {Curcumin,Lasers,Semiconductor,Nanostructures}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46571.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46571_0d8da718a7ca49ff5e7603b71092b8c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Abbasi, S and Mortazavi, S A R and Mortazavi, S M J}, title = {Martian Residents: Mass Media and Ramsar High Background Radiation Areas}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {483-486}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1138}, abstract = {Considering current controversies regarding the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation, study of the high background radiation areas such as Ramsar, Iran can help scientists better evaluate the validity of linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis. Ramsar is a coastal city in northern Iran with some areas known to have the highest levels of natural background radiation in the world. The mean annual dose of the residents of high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of Ramsar is 10 times higher than the public dose limit recommended by the ICRP (1 mSv/year) and a proportion of the residents receive annual doses as large as 260 mSv (13 times higher than the occupational dose limit recommended by the ICRP). A report published in Popular Science proclaims that background radiation in Ramsar approaches that of the Martian surface. However, estimates show that the maximum annual radiation dose in HBRAs of Ramsar can be much higher than that of the Martian surface (260 mGy/y vs 76 mGy/y). Furthermore, a Guardian report introduces Talesh Mahalleh, a district in Ramsar, as an inhabited area with the highest levels of natural radioactivity in the world and C Net claims that the best Mars colonists may come from places like Iran and Brazil. In spite of current concerns, nearly all residents still live in their paternal dwellings and there are not consistent reports on any detrimental effects. It is worth noting that, due to small sample size, to draw a firm conclusion about the health effects of high level natural radiation in Ramsar, in particular about the cancer risk, current information is not sufficient and further studies are needed.}, keywords = {Background Radiation,Iran,Linear No-Threshold Theory (LNT),Radiation protection,Natural Radiation}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45759.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45759_097b84a13eb63cd4afb02b5d812296bb.pdf} } @article { author = {Mortazavi, S M J and Mortazavi, S A R and Haghani, M}, title = {Evaluation of the Validity of a Nonlinear J-Shaped Dose-Response Relationship in Cancers Induced by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {487-494}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.771}, abstract = {The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Current data on the relationship between exposure to RF-EMFs generated by commercial mobile phones and brain cancer are controversial. Our studies show that this controversy may be caused by several parameters. However, it seems that the magnitude of exposure to RF-EMFs plays a basic role in RF-induced carcinogenesis. There is some evidence indicating that, in a similar pattern with ionizing radiation, the carcinogenesis of non-ionizing RF-EMF may have a nonlinear dose-response relationship. In this paper, the evidence which supports a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship is discussed.}, keywords = {Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation,Cell Phone,Electromagnetic Fields}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46570.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46570_a124eac754343ee78eb11db5a109f263.pdf} } @article { author = {Nazeeh, N N and Aljobouri, H K and Odai, M}, title = {Design an Equivalent Left Ventricular Assist Device for Medical Equipment Labs}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {495-500}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1171}, abstract = {LVAD is a mechanical pump supporting a weak heart function and blood flow. Sometimes, the heart may not recover fast enough to take over the pumping action immediately after surgery, in such patients a temporary support device has been employed to maintain the pumping action until the patient’s own heart recovers. This device can be considered as a temporary alternative before the process of artificial heart transplantation. In this work, a new equivalent Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) is designed and implemented as a simple circuit for medical equipment labs. The presented LVDA consists of a mechanical motor, tubes, a power source, and microcontroller. The output results show the range of readings near the percentage ranges of the left ventricular pumping of the human adult. This work is significant for the biomedical equipment’s lab. The researcher can deal with the function of the important medical devices which are artificial that can record different readings.}, keywords = {Durable Medical Equipment,Equipment Design,Heart Ventricles}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45760.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_45760_eb90c17417413b8648aba6e055ce9916.pdf} } @article { author = {Dalaei Milan, M and Abedi, H A and Saadatmand, V and Hesaminia, A}, title = {Solver Device for Powdery Drugs}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {501-504}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.795}, abstract = {Pharmacotherapy is a major treatment method in healthcare centers, and the injection of powdered drugs is among common pharmacotherapy techniques. Medication errors and nosocomial infections are among major health issues in the world. On the other hand, powdered drugs are widely used in hospitals; however, drug mixture is a very time-consuming process. The objective of this invention was to accelerate drug vial mixture, reduce medication errors and nosocomial infections, and save time.There are different drug mixing devices, each with specific abilities. The present invention not only possesses the abilities of other devices but also can mix drugs [with a diluent] with higher quality and accuracy.The drug vial mixing device can mix 20 vials at adjustable time and speed with high quality and accuracy. This device is equipped with an infrared system to ensure a complete mixture of powder, and a Bluetooth short range radio system to remotely control all monitoring options of the device. This is a small and simple-to-use device.The drug vial mixing device can effectively reduce medication errors and nosocomial infections, and save time.}, keywords = {Cross Infection,Medical errors,Powders,Drug Compounding}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46569.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46569_85b7bf1f515781a32322edc0be277f21.pdf} }