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Dosimetry and Radioenhancement Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles in Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Radiotherapy using MAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Pharmaceutical Department, Food & Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food & Drug Organization (FDO), Tehran, Iran.

4 Nanobiomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141761411, Iran

5 Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lying tumors require much higher energy levels with greater penetration power, and investigations carried out in megavoltage energy range show contradictory results.
Objective: In this study, we quantitatively assess and compare dose enhancement factors (DEFs) obtained through AuNPs under radiation of Cobalt-60 source (1.25MeV) versus Iridium-192 source (380 KeV) using MAGAT gel dosimeter.
Material and Methods: MAGAT polymer gel in both pure and combined with 0.2 mM AuNPs was synthesized. In order to quantify the effect of energy on DEF, irradiation was carried out by Co-60 external radiotherapy and Ir-192 internal radiotherapy. Finally, readings of irradiated and non-irradiated gels were performed by MR imaging.
Results: The radiation-induced R2 (1/T2) changes of the gel tubes doped with AuNPs compared to control samples, upon irradiation of beams released by Ir-192 source showed a significant dose enhancement (15.31% ±0.30) relative to the Co-60 external radiotherapy (5.85% ±0.14).
Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests the feasibility of using AuNPs in radiation therapy (RT), especially in low-energy sources of brachytherapy. In addition, MAGAT polymer gel, as a powerful dosimeter, could be used for 3D visualization of radiation dose distribution of AuNPs in radiotherapy.

Keywords

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Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
32
March and April 2019
Pages 199-210
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