@article { author = {Keshtkar, M and Saba, V and Mosleh-Shirazi, M A}, title = {Application of Different methods for Reducing Radiation Dose to Breast during MDCT}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {341-346}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.981}, abstract = {The increased use of computed tomography (CT) and its high radiation dose have led to great concerns about its potential for radiation induced cancer risks. Breast is a radiosensitive tissue based on tissue weighting factors assigned by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Moreover, the dose is maximal on the surface of the patient. Therefore, strategies should be taken to reduce radiation dose to the breast. The aim of this review is to introduce methods used for reducing radiation dose to breast in thoracic CT and review related performed studies. The literature indicates that bismuth shielding increases image noise and CT numbers as well as introducing streak artifacts. Tube current modulation (TCM) technique and iterative reconstruction algorithms can provide some levels of dose reduction to radiosensitive organs and superior image quality without the disadvantages of bismuth shielding. However, they are not available on all CT scanners, especially in low-income countries. Such centers may have to continue using bismuth shields to reduce the dose until these superior techniques become available at lower costs in all CT scanners. Furthermore, design and manufacture of new shields with the lower impact on image quality are desirable.}, keywords = {Breast,Dose Reduction,Computed Tomography,Bismuth Shielding}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43330.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43330_12e7fb3fb3ab0f2011e36c40d0836ba9.pdf} } @article { author = {Falahati, F and Nickfarjam, A and Shabani, M}, title = {A Feasibility Study of IMRT of Lung Cancer Using Gafchromic EBT3 Film}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {347-356}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.791}, abstract = {Background: Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced method for delivery of three dimensional therapies, which provides optimal dose distribution with giving multiple nonuniform fluency to the patient. The complex dose distribution of IMRT should be checked to ensure that the accurate dose is delivered. Today, film dosimetry is a powerful tool for radiotherapy treatment Quality Assurance (QA) and a good method to verify dose distribution in phantoms. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of IMRT treatment planning system, Prowess Panther® software, with Gafchromic EBT3 films in a inhomogeneity phantom. Material and Methods: The IMRT plan was generated by Prowess Panther® treatment planning system (TPS) version 5.2 on a inhomogeneity phantom, then it was irradiated by ONCOR linear accelerator (Linac) with 6 (MV) photon beam energy. The Gafchromic EBT3 film located between the phantom has measured the dose distribution.To compare between TPS calculated doses and film measured doses, Gamma criteria 3%/3 mm, 4%/4 mm, 5%/5 mm, 6%/6 mm and 7%/7 mm Dose Difference (DD) and Distance to Agreement (DTA), respectively were used. Results: Gammas passing rates for PTV are obtained 67.5% for 3%/3mm, 78.8% for 4%/4mm, 86.3% for 5%/5mm, 91.2% for 6%/6mm and 94.3% for 7%/7mm and for organs at risk is 72.4% for 3%/3mm, 82.8% for 4%/4mm, 89.8% for 5%/5mm, 93.3% for 6%/6mm and 95.4% for 7%/7mm (respectively DD/DTA). By increasing the range of criteria the capability increased. Conclusion: The results show that the use of EBT3 film in a inhomogeneity phantoms allows us to evaluate the dose differences between the EBT3 measured dose distribution and TPS calculated dose distribution .Hence, a result Prowess Panther® TPS can be used for IMRT technique treatment.}, keywords = {Radiotherapy,IMRT QA,Prowess Panther®,Inhomogeneity Phantom,Lung Cancer,Gafchromic EBT3 Film,Gamma Analysis}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43327.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43327_dcd541ed84083ffad96a8e176413d237.pdf} } @article { author = {Keshtkar, M and Shahbazi-Gahrouei, D and Mehrgardi, M A and Aghaei, M and khoshfetrat, S M}, title = {Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Gold-coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {357-364}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: One class of magnetic nanoparticles is magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) which has been widely offered due to of their many advantages. Owing to the extensive application of MIONs in biomedicine, before they can be used in vivo, their cytotoxicity have to be investigated. Therefore, there is an urgent need for understanding the potential risks associated with MIONs.Materials and Methods: Firstly, gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (GMNP) were synthesized. The size, structure and spectroscopic properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, respectively. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was studied with different concentrations ranging from 10 µg/mL up to 400 µg/mL and for different incubation times (12 hours and 24 hours) on MCF-7 and HFFF-PI6. Cytotoxicity study was performed by MTT assay.Results: XRD pattern confirmed the structure of GMNPs and TEM image shows that GMNPs are under 50 nm. For MCF-7 and HFFF-PI6 cells, at concentration of 300 and 400 µg/mL, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are toxic, respectively. Moreover, for both cells, cell viability for GMNPs is higher than %80, therefore, up to 400 µg/mL they are not toxic. Results show that for both cells, Fe3O4 nanoparticles have higher cytotoxicity than GMNPs. Conclusion: This finding suggests that gold coating reduces the toxic effects of uncoated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Less toxicity of GMNP may be attributed to controlled release from Fe2+ ions in intracellular space. Moreover, cell toxicity increased with raise in dose (concentration) and incubation time.}, keywords = {Iron Oxide Nanoparticles,Gold-coated,Cytotoxicity,MCF-7}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43331.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43331_75ce824b0e34679927ce7bcf636611f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Hoseinipourasl, M and Zandkarimi, M and Abdolmohammadi, J and Sharifi, K and Miraki, S}, title = {Evaluation the FLAIR Sensitivity and DWI Post-inject in Comparison with Delayed Enhancement T1w for Better Detection of Active MS Lesions}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {365-374}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.967}, abstract = {Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, typically progressive and most common autoimmune disease which damaged the central nervous system. According to the reports in 2008, this disorder has affected 2 and 2.5 million people globally. While the reason is not clear, proposed causes for this include immunologic, environmental, infectious and genetic factors, and sexuality. MS can cause many symptoms, including blurred vision, loss of balance, poor coordination, slurred speech, tremors, numbness, extreme fatigue, problems with memory and concentration, paralysis, blindness, and more. There are four distinguished illness fields in MS: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary-progressive MS (PPMS), secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), and progressive-relapsing. MRI is a great tool to identify the asymptomatic distribution of lesions in space and time. Materials and Methods: 32 patients with MS plaques were evaluated by FLAIR and DWI pre- and post-Gadolinium injection compared with 15minutes delay T1w SE. Results: FLAIR post-inject had significantly better detection of the number and signal intensity of active MS lesions. DWI and ADC images detected active plaques different from non-active lesions without contrast. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that FLAIR post-inject had the highest sensitivity in detection of active MS lesions due to the CSF signal suppression in FLAIR, thus offering enough TR time recovery in active enhanced plaques.}, keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis,MRI,FLAIR,Contrast media}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43332.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43332_77f3d1591e277a8352aa31ebf1a937be.pdf} } @article { author = {Mortazavi, S A R and Parhoodeh, S and Hosseini, M A and Arabi, H and Malakooti, H and Nematollahi, S and Mortazavi, G and Darvish, L and Mortazavi, S M J}, title = {Blocking Short-Wavelength Component of the Visible Light Emitted by Smartphones’ Screens Improves Human Sleep Quality}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {375-380}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v8i4Dec.647}, abstract = {Background: It has been shown that short-wavelength blue component of the visible light spectrum can alter the circadian rhythm and suppress the level of melatonin hormone. The short-wavelength light emitted by smartphones’ screens can affect the sleep quality of the people who use these devices at night through suppression of melatonin.Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of covering the screens of smartphones with different filters (changing the effective wavelength of the light) on sleep delay time in 43 healthy students. Materials and Methods: Volunteer students were asked to go to bed at 23:00 and to use their mobile phones in bed for watching a natural life documentary movie for 60 minutes. No filter was used for one night while amber and blue filters were used for other 2 nights. Photospectrometry method was used to determine the output spectrum of the light passing through the filters used for covering the screens of the mobile phones. The order for utilizing amber or blue filters or using no filter was selected randomly. After 1 hour, the participants were asked to record their sleep delay time measured by a modified form of sleep time record sheet. Results: The mean sleep delay time for the “no-filter” night was 20.84±9.15 minutes, while the sleep delay times for the nights with amber and blue filters were 15.26±1.04 and 26.33±1.59 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study support this hypothesis that blue light possibly suppresses the secretion of melatonin more than the longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum. Using amber filter in this study significantly improved the sleep quality. Altogether, these findings lead us to this conclusion that blocking the short-wavelength component of the light emitted by smartphones’ screens improves human sleep.}, keywords = {Smartphones,Mobile Phones,Blue Light,Sleep quality,Display,Screen}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43333.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43333_fa1b286fa5f7822223bedeb925766b5e.pdf} } @article { author = {Parvaresh, R and Haghparast, A and Khoshgard, K and Jalili, M and Eivazi, M T and Ghorbani, M}, title = {An Investigation to Determine an Optimum Protective Garment Material in Nuclear Medicine}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {381-392}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v8i4Dec.804}, abstract = {Aim: The aim of this study is to find an optimum material to protect garment for protection against 99Tcm radionuclide. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulation code was applied to investigate radiation attenuation of 13 shielding materials including: Ba, gray Sn, white Sn, Sb, Bi, Bi2O3, BaSO4, Sn/W, Sb/W, Pb and W with thicknesses of 0.5 and 1 mm to determine an optimum protective garment material in nuclear medicine against 99Tcm. Furthermore, the dose enhancement on the staff body was investigated for shielding materials such as tungsten and lead. Results: The findings of the simulations show that the maximum and minimum attenuation obtained with thicknesses of 1 mm W and 1 mm BaSO4 were 96.46% and 14.2%, respectively. The results also demonstrate that tungsten does not cause any dose enhancement on staff body but this is not true for lead. Tungsten provides the highest radiation attenuation without dose enhancement on the body of staff. Conclusion: Among materials evaluated, tungsten is the optimum material and it can be applied for the design of protective garment for nuclear medicine staff against 99Tcm.}, keywords = {Nuclear medicine,Monte Carlo Simulation,99Tcm,Protective Garment}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43334.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43334_293b638381838b10b6b1fb3e38478cbb.pdf} } @article { author = {Alipoor, A and Fardid, R and Sharifzadeh, S}, title = {Evaluating Gamma-H2AX Expression as a Biomarker of DNA Damage after X-ray in Angiography Patients}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {393-402}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v8i4Dec.768}, abstract = {Objective: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common diseases. Coronary angiography (CAG) is an important apparatus used to diagnose and treat this disease. Since angiography is performed through exposure to ionizing radiation, it can cause harmful effects induced by double-stranded breaks in DNA which is potentially life-threatening damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate phosphorylation of Histone H2AX in the location of double-stranded breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes as an indication of biological effects of radiation on angiography. Materials and Methods: This method is based on the phosphorylation measurement of Histone (gamma-H2AX or γ-H2AX) levels on serine 139 after the formation of DNA double-strand break. 5 cc of blood samples from 24 patients undergoing angiography were taken pre- and post-radiation. Blood lymphocytes were extracted, fixed and stained with specific γ-H2AX antibodies. Finally, the percentage of phosphorylation of Histone H2AX as an indicator of double-strand break was measured by a cytometry technique. Results: An increase was observed in all patients’ percentage of phosphorylated Histone H2AX (double-stranded breaks DNA) after radiation (20.15 ± 14.18) compared to pre-exposure time (1.52 ± 0.34). Also, the mean of DNA double-strand break is shown in a linear correlation with DAP. Discussion: Although induction of DNA double-strand breaks was associated with the radiation dose in patients, the effect of individual factors such as radio-sensitivity and regenerative capacity should not be ignored. In the future, if we are able to measure DNA damage response in every angiography patient, we will use it as a biomarker for the patient dose; this will promote public health. Conclusion: Using flow cytometers readings done automatically is possible to detect γ-H2AX in the number of blood cells, therefore, the use of this technique could play a significant role in monitoring patients.}, keywords = {X-ray,Angiography,Double-strand Break DNA,γ-H2AX,DNA Damage}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43335.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43335_92d4f4ea0b922a25380ad91ff3eb1155.pdf} } @article { author = {Shojaeifard, M B and Jarideh, S and Owjfard, M and Nematollahii, S and Talaei-Khozani, T and Malekzadeh, S}, title = {Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phone Jammer Exposure on Blood Factors in Rats}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {403-408}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.912}, abstract = {Background: The increasing demand for using mobile phones has led to increasing mobile phone jammers as well. On the other hand, reports show that exposure to electromagnetic field causes an increase in the incidence of diseases such as leukemia, cancer, depression and failure in pregnancy outcomes; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields of mobile phone jammers on blood factors. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar immature and thirty mature rats were selected randomly and each one was divided into three groups of ten. The control group did not receive any radiation; the sham group was exposed to a switched-off jammer device and the experimental group was exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiated by Mobile Phone Jammer daily eight hours for five days a week during forty days. Blood sample was taken from heart and blood factors including PLT, MCHC and RDWCV were measured. The data were analyzed by ANOVA which was followed by Duncan’s test. Results: The data from mature rats revealed that jammer usage led to a significant difference in blood factors including RBC, platelet, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV and RDWCV (P≤0.05); however, the number of lymphocytes, WBC and MCVH in the blood was the same in all groups. In immature rats, the exposure to jammer did not change RBC, lymphocyte and WBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit; while, the platelet count along with MCHC, MVC and RDWCV changed by jammer radiation. Conclusion: The results exhibited that mobile phone jammer caused frequent changes in blood cell factors.}, keywords = {Electromagnetic Field (EMF),Radiation,Mobile Phone Jammer,Blood Cell Factors}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43336.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43336_d3fd32549b9875e223c53c39bdc5f875.pdf} } @article { author = {Fooladi, M and Sharini, H and Masjoodi, S and Khodamoradi, E}, title = {A Novel Classification Method using Effective Neural Network and Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging of Brain White Matter in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {409-422}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v8i4Dec.926}, abstract = {Background: Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging (QMTI) is often used to quantify the myelin content in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and normal appearing brain tissues. Also, automated classifiers such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) can significantly improve the identification and classification processes of MS clinical datasets. Objective: We classified patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) from healthy subjects using QMTI and T1 longitudinal relaxation time data of brain white matter, then the performance of three ANN-based classifiers have been investigated. Materials and Methods: The input features of ANN algorithms, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) and ensemble neural networks based on Akaike information criterion (ENN-AIC) were extracted in the form of QMTI and T1 mean values from parametric maps. The ANNs quantitative performance is measured by the standard evaluation of confusion matrix criteria. Results: The results indicate that ENN-AIC-based classification method has achieved 90% accuracy, 92% sensitivity and 86% precision compared to other ANN models. NPV, FPR and FDR values were found to be 0.933, 0.125 and 0.133, respectively, according to the proposed ENN-AIC model. A graphical representation of how to track actual data by the predictive values derived from ANN algorithms, was also presented.Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that ENN-AIC as an effective neural network improves the quality of classification results compared to MLP and RBF.In addition, this research provides a new direction to classify a large amount of quantitative MRI data that can help the physician in a correct MS diagnosis.}, keywords = {Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging,Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis,Artificial neural networks,Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43337.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43337_6fe209d2a024f47131ad885f95b5db8d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashtiyani, M and Navaei Lavasani, S and Asgharzadeh Alvar, A and Deevband, M R}, title = {Heart Rate Variability Classification using Support Vector Machine and Genetic Algorithm}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {423-434}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.614}, abstract = {Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is defined as an electrical signal, which represents cardiac activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) as the variation of interval between two consecutive heartbeats represents the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based features extracted from HRV which were further selected by genetic algorithm (GA), and were deployed by support vector machine to HRV classification. Materials and Methods: In this paper, 53 ECGs including 3 different beat types (ventricular fibrillation (VF), atrial fibrillation (AF) and also normal sinus rhythm (NSR)), were selected from the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. The approach contains 4 stages including HRV signal extraction from each ECG signal, feature extraction using DWT (entropy, mean, variance, kurtosis and spectral component β), best features selection by GA and classification of normal and abnormal ECGs using the selected features by support vector machine (SVM).Results: The performance of the classification procedure employing the combination of selected features were evaluated using several measures including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision which resulted in 97.14%, 97.54%, 96.9% and 97.64%, respectively.Conclusion: A comparative analysis with the related existing methods illustrates the proposed method has a higher potential in the classification of AF and VF. The attempt to classify the ECG signal has been successfully achieved. The proposed method has shown a promising sensitivity of 97.54% which indicates that this technique is an excellent model for computer-aided diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias.}, keywords = {Heart Rate Variability (HRV),Wavelet Transform,Genetic Algorithm (GA),Support Vector Machine (SVM)}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43338.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43338_65f3e716f7f3ae1946abdd37ecf61387.pdf} } @article { author = {Yahyapour, R and Salajegheh, A and Safari, A and Amini, P and Rezaeyan, A and Amraee, A and Najafi, M}, title = {Radiation-induced Non-targeted Effect and Carcinogenesis; Implications in Clinical Radiotherapy}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {435-446}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.713}, abstract = {Bystander or non-targeted effect is known to be an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology. The genetic consequences of bystander effect on non-irradiated cells have shown that this phenomenon can be considered as one of the most important factors involved in secondary cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo radiotherapy in order to cure different types of cancers. The most crucial aim of radiotherapy is to improve treatment efficiency by reducing early and late effects of exposure to clinical doses of radiation. Secondary cancer induction resulted from exposure to high doses of radiation during treatment can reduce the effectiveness of this modality for cancer treatment. The perception of carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects and factors involved in this phenomenon might help reduce secondary cancer incidence years after radiotherapy. Different modalities such as radiation LET, dose and dose rate, fractionation, types of tissue, gender of patients, etc. may be involved in carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment modality may improve cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy as well as the quality of life in survived patients. In this review, we first focus on the carcinogenesis evidence of non-targeted effects in radiotherapy and then review physical and biological factors that may influence the risk of secondary cancer induced by this phenomenon.}, keywords = {Radiation,Bystander effect,Carcinogenesis,Non-targeted effect,Secondary cancer,Genomic instability}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43326.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43326_d2194c95fba5ecd6f323d2ce9d10b37a.pdf} } @article { author = {Arjmandi, N and Mortazavi, Gh and Zarei, S and Faraz, M and Mortazavi, S A R}, title = {Can Light Emitted from Smartphone Screens and Taking Selfies Cause Premature Aging and Wrinkles?}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {447-452}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.599}, abstract = {Since the early days of human life on the Earth, our skin has been exposed to different levels of light. Recently, due to inevitable consequences of modern life, humans are not exposed to adequate levels of natural light during the day but they are overexposed to relatively high levels of artificial light at night. Skin is a major target of oxidative stress and the link between aging and oxidative stress is well documented. Especially, extrinsic skin aging can be caused by oxidative stress. The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the rapidly increasing use of smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers have led to a significant rise in the exposure of human eyes to short-wavelength visible light. Recent studies show that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even for exposures as short as 1 hour, may cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The biological effects of exposure to short-wavelength visible light in blue region in humans and other living organisms were among our research priorities at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC). Today, there is a growing concern over the safety of the light sources such as LEDs with peak emissions in the blue light range (400-490 nm). Recent studies aimed at investigating the effect of exposure to light emitted from electronic device on human skin cells, shows that even short exposures can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the biological effects of either long-term or repeated exposures are not fully known, yet. Furthermore, there are reports indicating that frequent exposure to visible light spectrum of the selfie flashes may cause skin damage and accelerated skin ageing. In this paper we have addressed the different aspects of potential effects of exposure to the light emitted from smartphones’ digital screens as well as smartphones’ photoflashes on premature aging of the human skin. Specifically, the effects of blue light on eyes and skin are discussed. Based on current knowledge, it can be suggested that changing the spectral output of LED-based smartphones’ flashes can be introduced as an effective method to reduce the adverse health effects associated with exposure to blue light.}, keywords = {Smartphones,Mobile Phones,Selfies,Skin Damage,Skin Aging,Blue Light}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43328.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43328_f97ec0593ab8fedc948127d13fc2358b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghahramanifar, M and Haghani, M and Ghadimi Moghadam, A and Haghani, A and Ghadimi Moghadam, A K}, title = {A New Conveyable Device for Electro-drainage of Thorax}, journal = {Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {453-456}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-7200}, eissn = {2251-7200}, doi = {}, abstract = {Chest tube is a flexible plastic tube used to discharge secretion in the cavity between the lungs and chest named pleural cavity. Normally, there is a small amount of fluid in the cavity between the lungs and chest; This fluid helps the movement of lungs during breathing without abrasion. Entrance of bit of air, blood or pus because injury in the pleural cavity can prevent the lungs from fully opening. Full or partial collapse of the lungs makes breathing difficult and can lead to respiratory arrest; putting chest tube in the pleural cavity causes the discharge of secretion and helps patients comfort. Chest Electro-Drainage mobile system is designed to drain air, blood, water and pus accumulated in the space between the visceral and parietal pleural cavity. Based on low volume and weight, this system can be used to treat Pneumothorax, Hemothorax and Hydrothorax and so forth, both in the emergency state and treatment centers. Obviously, this system will be an action to reduce deaths especially in the case of Pneumothorax.}, keywords = {Chest Tube,Lungs,Electro-drainage,Pneumothorax,Hemothorax,Hydrothorax}, url = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43329.html}, eprint = {https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_43329_d32a75111aa4be77e0c74c45ed3acebf.pdf} }