Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Radiation Induced Demyelination in Cervical Spinal Cord of the Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Receiving Radiotherapy164570510.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1055ENHGoyalMD, Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College & Hospital, Kota, India0000000233747704NSinghPhD, Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India0000-0003-0016-6417O PGurjarPhD, Government Cancer Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, India0000-0001-9262-0132R KTanwarMD, Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College & Hospital, Kota, IndiaJournal Article20181130Background: Cervical spinal cord is important and radiosensitive. It is the most critical organ for the head and neck (H&N) cancer patients during radiotherapy. If the delivered dose to the cord is more than tolerance dose, demyelination may occur. <br />Objective: Current study aims to analyze the post radiotherapy status of cord in the H&N cancer patients.<br />Material and Methods: In this analytical study, sixty patients who received more than 50 Gray (Gy) dose for more than 10 cm length of spinal cord participated in the study. All the patients were clinically examined and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for patients who had demyelination symptoms. Adequate medical management was provided for all the patients having demyelination. <br />Results: Out of sixty patients, ten cases were reported with demyelination symptoms, and only six cases gave consent for this study. One patient was found to have irreversible demyelination while five patients had reversible demyelination. <br />Conclusion: Demyelination may occur if long segment spinal cord receives dose more than tolerance limit. However target dose should not be compromised up to 54 Gy to spinal cord.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Histopathologic Evaluation of Radio-Protective Effect of Hesperidin on the Liver of Sprague Dawely Rats7144572410.31661/jbpe.v0i0.832ENZhGhorbaniMSc, Radiology Department, School of Paramedicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-6586-0234RFardidPhD, Radiology Department, School of Paramedicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranPhD, Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranG HHaddadiPhD, Radiology Department, School of Paramedicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranPhD, Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-6743-2965ADerakhshanfarPhD, Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Basic Sciences in Infection Diseases Research Center, Center of Comparative & Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAKouhpayehPhD, Department of Pharmacology, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, IranZHaddadiMD, Medical student, Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, IranJournal Article20170909Background: Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid glycoside mainly found in citrus fruit and has been shown radio-protective potential in various measurement systems. <br />Objective: In this article aims to investigate the radio-protective effect of hesperidin on the liver of Sprague Dawely rats. <br />Material and Methods: In this clinical study, 40 male rats were selected randomly and divided into 8 groups. Group 1 did not receive radiation and hesperidin (sham control). Group 2 received only 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of hesperidin for 7 consecutive days (HES group); group 3 exposed to dose of 2Gy whole body gamma radiation (2Gy group), and group 4 and 5 received 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w of HES for 7 consecutive days before 2 Gy gamma radiation, respectively.Group 6 exposed to dose of 8Gy gamma radiation (8Gy group); group 7 and 8 received 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w of HES for 7 days before 8Gy gamma irradiation, respectively. Histopathological evaluation was perfomred 24 hours after radiation. <br />Results: Administration of hesperidin (50 mg/kg b.w, 7 days) before 2Gy of gamma irradiation led to remove inflammatory mononuclear cells in the portal space. Microscopic findings in the groups receiving two doses of hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w, orally, 7 days), before 8Gy of gamma radiation, were similar in a way that extreme dilation of central veins to be seen, however, there was no capillarization. <br />Conclusion: HES can be offered as a suitable radio-protector in radiotherapy patients and radiation workers.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Investigation of Combination Effect Between 6 MV X-Ray Radiation and Polyglycerol Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on U87-MG Cancer Cells15244463210.31661/jbpe.v0i0.929ENSJafariPhD, Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0001-7720-8000MChekiPhD, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-9982-2239M BTavakoliPhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-5786-4721AZarrabiPhD, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranKGhazikhanlu SaniPhD, Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0003-2554-6109RAfzalipourPhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180419Background: Radiosensitization using nanoparticles is proposed as a novel strategy for treatment of different cancers. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been reported to enhance effects of radiotherapy in several researches. <br />Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the radiosensitization properties of polyglycerol coated SPIONs (PG-SPIONs) on U87-MG cancer cells. <br />Material and Methods: In this experimental study, polyglycerol coated SPIONs were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and characterized by FTIR, TEM and VSM analysis. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles by cells was examined via AAS. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of nanoparticles in combination with radiation were evaluated by MTT and colony assay, respectively. <br />Results: Mean size of nanoparticles was 17.9±2.85 nm. FTIR verified SPIONs coating by Polyglycerol and VSM showed that they have superparamagnetic behaviour. Viability significantly (P < 0.001) decreased at concentrations above 100µg/ml for SPIONs but not for PG-SPIONs (P > 0.05). Dose verification results by TLD for doses of 2 and 4 Gy were 2±0.19 and 4±0.12 Gy respectively. The combination index for all situations was less than 1 and the effect is antagonism. <br />Conclusion: However, PG-SPIONs combination with 6 MV X-ray reduced survival of U87-MG cells compared to radiation alone but the effect is antagonism.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Glucosamine Conjugated Gadolinium (III) Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Targeted Contrast Agent for Cancer Diagnosis in MRI25384593110.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1018ENTMortezazadehPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-4557-445XEGholibeglooPhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNRiyahi AlamPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9260-4001SHaghgooPhD, Pharmaceutical Department, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health, Tehran, IranA EMusaPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMKhoobiPhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0962-7259Journal Article20180917Background: Glucose transporter (Glut), a cellular transmembrane receptor, has a key role in the metabolism of cell glucose and is also associated with various human carcinomas.<br />Objective: In this study, we evaluated a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent for tumor detection based on paramagnetic gadolinium oxide (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) coated polycyclodextrin (PCD) and modified with glucose (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@PCD-Glu) for the targeting of overexpressed glucose receptors.<br />Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner was used to assess the specific interactions between Glut1-overexpressing tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) and Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@PCD-Glu NPs. Furthermore, the capacity of transporting Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@PCD-Glu NPs to tumor cells was evaluated. <br />Results: It was found that the acquired MRI T1 signal intensity of MDA-MB-231 cells that were treated with the Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@PCD-Glu NPs increased significantly. Based on the results obtained, Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@PCD-Glu NPs can be applied in targeting Glut1-overexpressing tumor cells in vivo, as well as an MRI-targeted tumor agent to enhance tumor diagnosis. <br />Conclusion: Results have shown that glucose-shell of magnetic nanoparticles has a key role in diagnosing cancer cells of high metabolic activity.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Study of Nanofibrils Formation of Fibroin Protein in Specific Thermal and Acidity Conditions39504621410.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1092ENMAhramiMSc, Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMSc, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-0906-2374MKhatamiMSc, NanoBioeletrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, IranHHeliPhD, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-1753-1193Journal Article20181222Background: Amyloid fibrils are insoluble arranged aggregates of proteins that are fibrillar in structure and related to many diseases (at least 20 types of illnesses) and also create many pathologic conditions. Therefore understanding the circumstance of fibril formation is very important.<br />Objectives: This study aims to work on fibrillar structure formation of fibroin (as a model protein).<br />Material and Methods: In this experimental study, fibroin was extracted from bombyx mori silk cocoon, and the concentration was obtained by Bradford method. The protein was incubated in a wide range of times (0 min to 7 days) in specific acidity and thermal conditions (pH=1.6, T=70 °C). The assays of UV-vis spectroscopy with congo red, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy were employed to monitor the fibrillation process. <br />Results: Fibroin assemblies were formed upon the process of aggregation and fibril formation with a variety of morphology ranging from nanoparticles to elongated fibrils. <br />Conclusion: The results showed progressive pathway of fibril formation.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Assessment of Patient Dose with Special Look at Pediatrics during Cardiovascular Imaging51584465110.31661/jbpe.v0i0.902ENPMehnatiPhD, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-6003-8954MAsghari JafarabadiPhD, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranLDanaeeMSc, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-5285-496XJournal Article20180201Background: During interventional cardiology processes, patients especially women and children receive high radiation doses due to their sensitivity.<br />Objective: In this study, we evaluated a pediatric patient dose separately in those undergone intervention cardiac procedure. <br />Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, a public hospital with 252 patients, Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) and Dose-Area Product (DAP) were recorded. Prior to the beginning of fluoroscopic procedure, the chest thickness and Body Mass Index (BMI) of patients were measured. Furthermore, kV, mAs, angle of tube and time of angiography and angioplasty were recorded. <br />Results: Children ratio to all patients underwent the cardiovascular imaging was 1.8. The means of patients’ ESD, DAP and fluoroscopy time were 178.3±17 mGy, 1123.6±11 μGycm<sup>2</sup> and 281.4±181.2 s, respectively for coronary angiography. The females were 96.8 under 30 years and their dose mean was 276±37 mGy, 368±24 μGycm<sup>2</sup> for ESD and DAP received, respectively with 376s fluoroscopy time. Mean mAs was 359±34 and kV was 71.23±2.7. Above all, a direct and significant correlation was found between the patients’ chest thickness with kV (<em>p</em>=0.037, r = 0.11) and mAs (<em>p</em><0.001, r = 0.28) variations. <br />Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the number of children referred to the cardiology department and also the dose rate received by them during this test was higher than the data provided for children in developing countries. Paying attention to the children’s perception of high-fluorescence time is necessary in comparison with total angiography time in order to reduce the number of radiation injuries among pediatrics.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Evaluation of MLC Thickness and Composite Effects on Collimation Parameters using EGSnrc and IAEA Phase Space Data59644461910.31661/jbpe.v0i0.658ENKHadadPhD, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-4495-0350HAlipourMSc, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20160930Background: Recently, multileaf collimators (MLC) have become an important part of any LINAC collimation system because they reduce the treatment planning time and improve the conformity. Important factors that affect MLCs collimation performance are leaves material composition and their thickness.<br />Objective: In this study, we investigate main dosimetric parameters of a typical MLC including dose in the buildup point, physical penumbra as well as average and end leaf leakages. Effects of the leaves geometry and density on these parameters are evaluated. <br />Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, calculations were performed by using phase space data for Varian ix just above MLC and BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc for SSD=100cm and in a water phantom. <br />Results: Based on the results, a new MLC with improved dosimetric parameters is proposed. The physical penumbra for proposed MLC is 4.7mm was compared to 5.16 mm for Millennium 120 leaf. Average leakage in our design is reduced to 1.16% compared to 1.73% for Millennium 120 leaf, the end leaf leakage suggested design also reduced to 4.86% compared to 7.26% for Millennium 120 leaf.<br />Conclusion: The results show that the proposed MLC could improve the dosimetric parameters and conformity of treatment planning.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Modulates Electrical Behavior of the Neurons: Design and Implementation of a Model65744592910.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1052ENFBaniasadMSc, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMSc, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5516-8941BMakkiabadiPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPhD, Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRSolgiMSc, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMSc, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHGhadiriPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPhD, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7903-6273Journal Article20181122Background: Recently, ultrasonic neuromodulation research has been an important and interesting issue. Ultrasonic neuromodulation is possible by the use of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) to stimulate or inhibit the neural structures. The primary capability of this method is the improvement in the treatment progress of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders noninvasively. tFUS is able to modulate ionic currents and neural depolarization, causing the alteration in electrical properties of neurons.<br />Objective: The study aims to investigate the effect of tFUS waves on the electrical behavior of neurons using the simulation method.<br />Material and Methods: In the first part of this simulation study, the propagation of tFUS waves throughout the head was simulated to calculate the value of acoustic pressure at the cortex. In the second part, cortical neurons were simulated by a simple model of spiking neurons proposed by Izhikevich for three common dynamics. Then, the capacitance model was proposed to determine the alteration in the electrical behavior of the neurons during tFUS stimulation. <br />Results: At the resting state, the electric potential of the neuron’s membrane through the tFUS stimulation has an amplitude of about 30 mv with the similar oscillatory behavior of the acoustic waveform; while,the ultimate electrical behavior of the neuron’s membrane indicates a decrease in the electric potential when the neurons fire.<br />Conclusion: The electrical behavior of the neuron and the range of its membrane voltage modulated during ultrasonic stimulation. The reduction in the amplitude of membrane potential was observed while neuron spikes.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Design, Implementation and Preliminary Testing of a Novel Orthosis for Reducing Erector Spinae Muscle Activity, and Improving Balance Control for Hyperkyphotic Elderly Subjects75824620810.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1200ENMVeiskaramiPhD Student, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0377-8665GAminianPhD, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7977-4695MBahramizadehPhD, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4719-938XFEbrahimzadehPhD, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Khoramabad, IranMArazpourPhD, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6855-063XIAbdollahiPhD, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of physiotherapy, Tehran, IranRFadayevatanMD, MPH, PhD, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190614Background: Aging often results in thoracic kyphosis and adverse postural changes. This may interfere with physiologic activity of paraspinal muscles. Few styles of spinal orthosis have been already used to reduce thoracic kyphosis. This paper describes the development of a novel orthosis, which is designed based on the anatomy of the back muscles. This novel orthosis may potentiate muscle activity and balance control among older hyper kyphotic subjects. <br />Objectives: The object of this study was to design and preliminary testing of a new orthosis to potentiate muscle activity and balance control among older hyper kyphotic subjects.<br />Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, a new postural control orthosis with a textile band structure was designed to provide an additional support for spine and muscles of the back. The functional impact of this orthosis was evaluated in six older hyper-kyphotic subjects. According to the results, the paraspinal muscles activity and balance control were significantly improved. <br />Results: The RMS sEMG of the lumbar and thoracic erector spinae muscles reduced significantly (p<0.05), and a significant improvement (p<0.05) was observed in the balance test when patients put on the novel orthosis (p<0.05). <br />Conclusion: The new orthosis can considerably improve the paraspinal muscles activity at both the upper and lower lumbar levels. It can also recover balance control among elderly subjects.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Biomedical Image Denoising Based on Hybrid Optimization Algorithm and Sequential Filters83924621110.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1016ENNYousefi MoteghaedPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4061-028XMTabatabaeefarMD, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5885-4362AMostaarPhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPhD, Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4450-1005Journal Article20180916Background: Nowadays, image de-noising plays a very important role in medical analysis applications and pre-processing step. Many filters were designed for image processing, assuming a specific noise distribution, so the images which are acquired by different medical imaging modalities must be out of the noise. <br />Objectives: This study has focused on the sequence filters which are selected by a hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization.<br />Material and Methods: In this analytical study, we have applied the composite of different types of noise such as salt and pepper noise, speckle noise and Gaussian noise to images to make them noisy. The Median, Max and Min filters, Gaussian filter, Average filter, Unsharp filter, Wiener filter, Log filter and Sigma filter, are the nine filters that were used in this study for the denoising of medical images as digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format. <br />Results: The model has been implemented on medical noisy images and the performances have been determined by the statistical analyses such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Root Mean Square error (RMSE) and Structural similarity (SSIM) index. The PSNR values were obtained between 59 to 63 and 63 to 65 for MRI and CT images. Also, the RMSE values were obtained between 36 to 47 and 12 to 20 for MRI and CT images. <br />Conclusion: The proposed denoising algorithm showed the significantly increment of visual quality of the images and the statistical assessment.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201A comparison of the free moment pattern between normal and hyper-pronated aligned feet in female subjects during the stance phase of gait931024462510.31661/jbpe.v0i0.639ENFYazdaniPhD, Rehabilitation Sciences Research Centre, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sc ences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-4031-8251MRazeghiPhD, Rehabilitation Sciences Research Centre, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sc ences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-2179-851XSEbrahimiPhD, Rehabilitation Sciences Research Centre, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sc ences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20160903Background: Excessive range of adductory free moment of the ground reaction force may potentially increase the risk of lower extremity injuries by applying a higher torsional load transmitted to the proximal parts. <br />Objective: It was hypothesized that the free moment pattern might be different between hyper-pronated and normal feet subjects. Moreover, a correlation would exist between peak adduction free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction at the stance phase of walking. <br />Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, thirty female participants were divided into two groups of asymptomatic hyper-pronated and normal feet. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using a single force plate and a six-camera motion analysis system during three successful free speed walking trials. Ensemble average curves were extracted from the time normalized individual trials of the stance phase for both free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction parameters. <br />Results: Significant differences in peak adductory free moment, peak ankle-foot complex eversion and peak ankle-foot complex abduction were found between normal and hyper-pronated groups (4.90±0.97 Vs. 5.94±0.88, P < 0.01), (3.30±0.95 Vs. 6.28±1.47, P < 0.01) and (4.52±1.16 Vs. 8.23±2.52, P < 0.01) respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the peak adduction free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction in both groups, which was more strongly positive in hyper-pronated group (r = 0.745, p < 0.01 for normal group and r = 0.900, p < 0.01 for hyper-pronated group). <br />Conclusion: As a good measure of torque which is transmitted to the lower extremity, may free moment be a useful biomechanical indicator for both clinical and research purposes.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Magnetic Resonance Imaging Property of Doxorubicin-Loaded Gadolinium/13X Zeolite/Folic Acid Nanocomposite1031104620910.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1254ENSGhaderiMSc, Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMSc, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003-1334-8826BDivbandPhD, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranPhD, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-8367-6430NGharehaghajiPhD, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-3102-1811Journal Article20190916Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using nanostructures has been a proper method for tumor targeting purposes. Different MRI nanomaterials, targeting agents and anticancer drugs have been used for targeting of tumors. <br />Objectives: This study aims to consider the MRI property of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded gadolinium/13X zeolite/folic acid (Gd<sup>3+</sup>/13X/FA) nanocomposite.<br />Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, Gd<sup>3+</sup>/13X/FA/DOX nanocomposite was prepared and the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay were conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite. MRI was performed at 25°C using a 1.5 T clinical system to determine the T1 relaxation times and subsequently, the T1 relaxivity. <br />Results: The size of the nanocomposite was in the range of 80-200 nm. The nanocomposite without DOX loading (Gd<sup>3+</sup>/13X/FA) showed compatibility for A549 cells for all concentrations while DOX-loaded nanocomposite was toxic for 62% of the cells at the concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. The T1 relaxivity of Gd<sup>3+</sup>/13X/FA/DOX nanocomposite was 4.0401 mM<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. <br />Conclusion: Gd<sup>3+</sup>/13X/FA/DOX nanocomposite shows a T1 relaxivity similar to the conventional gadolinium chelates, and a successful DOX loading.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201The Bystander Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Mediators1111184458810.31661/jbpe.v0i0.956ENZEftekhariMSc, Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMSc, Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-5276-127XRFardidPhD, Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranPhD, Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-4089-4745Journal Article20180527A bystander effect is biological changes in non-irradiated cells by transmitted signals from irradiated bystander cells, which causes the radiation toxic effects on the adjacent non-irradiated tissues. This phenomenon occurs by agents such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and chemotherapy. The bystander effect includes biological processes such as damage to DNA, cell death, chromosomal abnormalities, delay and premature mutations and micronuclei production. The most involved genes in creating this phenomenon are cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the nuclear factor of kappa B (NFkB) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs).<br />Radiation generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage DNA, membranes and protein buildings. Studies have shown that Vitamin C, Hesperidin, and melatonin can reduce the number of ROS and have a protective role.<br />Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are the most abundant nanoparticles produced and when they enter cells, they can create DNA damage. Studies have shown that combined treatment with UVR and silver nanoparticles could form γ-H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) synergistically.<br />This article reviews the direct and the bystander effects of UVR on the nuclear DNA, the effect of radioprotectors and Ag NPs on these effects.Shiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-720010120200201Design and Evaluation of an Articulated Ankle Foot Orthosis with Plantarflexion Resistance on the Gait: a Case Series of 2 Patients with Hemiplegia1191284621210.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1159ENADaryaborPhD, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranPhD, Researcher in International University of Health and Welfare, Japan, TokyoMArazpourPhD, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6855-063XGAminianPhD, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7977-4695MBaniasadPhD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranSYamamotoPhD, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, JapanJournal Article20190409Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been described to have positive effects on the gait biomechanics in stroke patients. The plantarflexion resistance of an AFO is considered important for hemiplegic patients, but the evidence is still limited. The purpose of this case series was to design and evaluate the immediate effect of an articulated AFO on kinematics and kinetics of lower-limb joints in stroke patients. The articulated AFO with the adjustment of plantarflexion resistance was designed. The spring generates a plantarflexion resistance of the ankle joint at initial stance phase. The efficacy of orthosis was evaluated on two stroke patients in 2 conditions: without an AFO and with the AFO. Results showed the immediate improvements for walking speed, stride length and angular changes of dorsiflexion of the paretic ankle joint during a gait cycle of both subjects using the AFO compared with barefoot walking. The AFO also was able to reduce the paretic knee extension in the single-support phase of the stance and increase the vertical COM displacement during stance phase on the affected leg. In conclusion, the designed AFO affect not only the movement of the ankle joint but also the movements of the knee joint and the vertical COM height. These changes indicate improvement of the first and the second rockers and swing phase gait but not third rocker function. Further investigation is recently underway to compare its effect compared with other AFOs on the gait parameters of hemiplegic patients.