Document Type : Original Research
Authors
1 Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Babol Medical University, Babol, Iran
2 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Novin Medical Radiation Institute, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: We intend to study the inhibitory effect of sulfur compound in Ramsar hot spring mineral on tumor-genesis ability of high natural background radiation. Objective: The radioprotective effect of sulfur compounds was previously shown on radiation-induced chromosomal aberration, micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells and human peripheral lymphocyte. Ramsar is known for having the highest level of natural background radiation on Earth. This study was performed to show the radioprotective effect of sulfur-containing Ramsar mineral water on mouse bone marrow cells. Methods: Mice were fed three types of water (drinking water, Ramsar radioactive water containing sulfur and Ramsar radioactive water whose sulfur was removed). Ten days after feeding, mice were irradiated by gamma rays (0, 2 and 4 Gy). 48 and 72 hours after irradiating, mice were killed and femurs were removed. Frequency of micronuclei was determined in bone marrow erythrocytes. Results: A significant reduction was shown in the rate of micronuclei polychromatic erythrocyte in sulfur-containing hot spring water compared to sulfur-free water in hot spring mineral water. Gamma irradiation induced significant increases in micronuclei polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) and decreases in polychromatic erythrocyte/polychromatic erythrocyte + normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCEs/PCEs+NCEs) (P < 0.001) in sulfur-containing hot spring water compared to sulfur-free hot spring mineral water. Also, apparently there was a significant difference between drinking water and sulfur-containing hot spring water in micronuclei polychromatic erythrocyte and polychromatic erythrocyte/polychromatic erythrocyte+ normochromatic erythrocyte ratio. Conclusion: The results indicate that sulfur-containing mineral water could result in a significant reduction in radiation-induced micronuclei representing the radioprotective effect of sulfur compounds.
Keywords
- Borzoueisileh S, Monfared AS, Abediankenari S, Mostafazadeh A, Khosravifarsani M, Amiri M, et al. The comparison of CD4/CD8 ratio among high and ordinary background radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran. International Journal of Low Radiation. 2011;8:329-37. doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2011.046531.
- Monfared AS, Jalali F, Mozdarani H, Hajiahmadi M, Samavat H, editors. Living in high natural background radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran. Is it dangerous for health?. International Congress Series; 2005; Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2005. p. 438-9..
- Borzoueisileh S, Monfared AS, Abediankenari S, Mostafazadeh A. The assessment of cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cells activity in residents of high and ordinary background radiation areas of Ramsar-Iran. J Med Phys. 2013;38:30-3. doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.106602. PubMed PMID: 23531635. PubMed PMCID: 3607342.
- Monfared AS, Mozdarani H, Hajiahmadi M. The inhabitants health status in high and low natural background radiation areas in Ramsar, north of Iran. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2004;6:23-8.
- Monfared AS, Jalali F, Sedaghat S, Mansoorizade E, Jarrahi A, Hajiahmadi M, et al. High natural background radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran: can inhabitants feel safe? International Journal of Low Radiation. 2006;3:171-7. doi.org/10.1504/IJLR.2006.012016.
- Grandstaff D. A kinetic study of the dissolution of uraninite. Economic Geology. 1976;71:1493-506. doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.71.8.1493.
- Langmuir D. Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1978;42:547-69. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(78)90001-7.
- Sohrabi M, editor. Recent radiological studies of high level natural radiation areas of Ramsar. Proceeding of International Conference on High Levels of Natural Radiations; 1993.
- Borzoueisileh S, Monfared AS, Abediankenari S, Mostafazadeh A, Khosravifarsani M. The effects of residence duration in high background radiation areas on immune surveillance. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013;4:218-22. doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.107295. PubMed PMID: 23633866. PubMed PMCID: 3633281.
- Mortazavi S, Monfared A, Ghiassi-Nejad M, Mozdarani H. Radioadaptive responses induced in human lymphocytes of the inhabitants of high level natural radiation areas in Ramsar, Iran. Asian Journal of Experimental Science. 2005;19:19-31.
- Borzoueisileh S, Shabestani Monfared A, Comby B, Khosravifarsani M, Roshan Shomal P, Saeid Ramezani M, et al. The highest background radiation school in the world and the health status of its students and their offspring. Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 2014;50:114-9. doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2013.821986. PubMed PMID: 24090073.
- Sobue T, Lee VS, Ye W, Tanooka H, Mifune M, Suyama A, et al. Residential randon exposure and lung cancer risk in Misasa, Japan: a case-control study. J Radiat Res. 2000;41:81-92. doi.org/10.1269/jrr.41.81. PubMed PMID: 11037576.
- Zou J, Sun Q, Akiba S, Yuan Y, Zha Y, Tao Z, et al. A case-control study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the high background radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. J Radiat Res. 2000;41:53-62. doi.org/10.1269/jrr.41.S53. PubMed PMID: 11142212.
- Tao Z, Zha Y, Akiba S, Sun Q, Zou J, Li J, et al. Cancer mortality in the high background radiation areas of Yangjiang, China during the period between 1979 and 1995. J Radiat Res. 2000;41:31-41. doi.org/10.1269/jrr.41.S31. PubMed PMID: 11142210.
- Mortazavi S, Ghaisinezhad M, Ikushima T, Assaie R, Heidary A, Varzegar R, et al. Are the inhabitants of high background radiation areas of Ramsar more radioresistant? Scope of the Problem and the Need for Future Studies. 2003;1:37-44.
- Mazur L. Effects of sulphur-containing compounds and X-rays on the mouse erythropoietic system assayed by in-vivo peripheral blood micronucleus test. Strahlenther Onkol. 1996;172:25-9. PubMed PMID: 8571183.
- Dansette PM, Sassi A, Deschamps C, Mansuy D. Sulfur containing compounds as antioxidants. Antioxidants in therapy and preventive medicine: Springer; 1990. p. 209-15.
- Chigareva NG, Strel’nikov Iu A, Alferova OF. Radio-protective effect of sulfur-containing methylfuran derivatives and the role of thiols in its realization. Radiobiologiia. 1983;23:816-9. PubMed PMID: 6657948.
- Kouvaris JR, Kouloulias VE, Vlahos LJ. Amifostine: the first selective-target and broad-spectrum radioprotector. Oncologist. 2007;12:738-47. doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.12-6-738. PubMed PMID: 17602063.
- Razzaghdoust A, Mozdarani H, Mofid B, Aghamiri SM, Heidari AH. Reduction in radiation-induced lymphocytopenia by famotidine in patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Prostate. 2014;74:41-7. doi.org/10.1002/pros.22725. PubMed PMID: 24019126.
- Razzaghdoust A, Mozdarani H, Mofid B. Famotidine as a radioprotector for rectal mucosa in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: phase I/II randomized placebo-controlled trial. Strahlenther Onkol. 2014;190:739-44. doi.org/10.1007/s00066-014-0602-8. PubMed PMID: 24619016.
- Ching TL, de Jong J, Bast A. Structural characteristics of histamine H2 receptor antagonists that scavenge hypochlorous acid. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994;268:89-93. doi.org/10.1016/0922-4106(94)90123-6. PubMed PMID: 7925615.
- Asefi M, Fathivand A, Amidi J. Estimation of annual effective dose from 226Ra and 228Ra due to consumption of foodstuffs by inhabitants of Ramsar city, Iran. Iran Journal of Radiation Research. 2005;3:7-48.
- Shanthi G, Maniyan C, Raj GAG, Kumaran JTT. Radioactivity in food crops from high-background radiation area in southwest India. Curr Sci. 2009;97:1331-5.
- Ghiassi-nejad M, Mortazavi SM, Cameron JR, Niroomand-rad A, Karam PA. Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies. Health Phys. 2002;82:87-93. doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200201000-00011. PubMed PMID: 11769138.
- Karam PA. The high background radiation area in Ramsar Iran: Geology, Norm, Biology, LNT, and possible regulatory fun. WM. 2002;2:24-8.
- Monfared AS, Mozdarani H, Amiri M. Natural background radiation induces cytogenetic radioadaptive response more effectively than occupational exposure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Czechoslovak Journal of Physics. 2003;53:A791-A5. doi.org/10.1007/s10582-003-0103-y.
)