Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Gold-coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Keshtkar, M; Shahbazi-Gahrouei, D; Mehrgardi, M A; Aghaei, M; Khoshfetrat, S M

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Gold-coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

M Keshtkar ¹

D Shahbazi-Gahrouei ¹

M A Mehrgardi ²

M Aghaei ³

S M khoshfetrat ²

¹ Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

² Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

³ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: One class of magnetic nanoparticles is magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) which has been widely offered due to of their many advantages. Owing to the extensive application of MIONs in biomedicine, before they can be used in vivo, their cytotoxicity have to be investigated. Therefore, there is an urgent need for understanding the potential risks associated with MIONs.
Materials and Methods: Firstly, gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (GMNP) were synthesized. The size, structure and spectroscopic properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, respectively. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was studied with different concentrations ranging from 10 µg/mL up to 400 µg/mL and for different incubation times (12 hours and 24 hours) on MCF-7 and HFFF-PI6. Cytotoxicity study was performed by MTT assay.
Results: XRD pattern confirmed the structure of GMNPs and TEM image shows that GMNPs are under 50 nm. For MCF-7 and HFFF-PI6 cells, at concentration of 300 and 400 µg/mL, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are toxic, respectively. Moreover, for both cells, cell viability for GMNPs is higher than %80, therefore, up to 400 µg/mL they are not toxic. Results show that for both cells, Fe3O4 nanoparticles have higher cytotoxicity than GMNPs.
Conclusion: This finding suggests that gold coating reduces the toxic effects of uncoated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Less toxicity of GMNP may be attributed to controlled release from Fe2+ ions in intracellular space. Moreover, cell toxicity increased with raise in dose (concentration) and incubation time.

Keywords

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Gold-coated

Cytotoxicity

MCF-7

Sanvicens N, Marco MP. Multifunctional nanoparticles--properties and prospects for their use in human medicine. Trends Biotechnol. 2008;26:425-33. doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.04.005. PubMed PMID: 18514941.
Montazerabadi AR, Oghabian MA, Irajirad R, Muhammadnejad S, Ahmadvand D, Delavari H H, et al. Development of Gold-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Potential MRI Contrast Agent. NANO. 2015;10(04):1550048. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793292015500484.
Abdolahi M, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Laurent S, Sermeus C, Firozian F, Allen BJ, et al. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of MR molecular imaging probes using J591 mAb-conjugated SPIONs for specific detection of prostate cancer. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2013;8:175-84. doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.1514. PubMed PMID: 23281290.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abdolahi M, Zarkesh-Esfahani SH, Laurent S, Sermeus C, Gruettner C. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the detection and quantitative analysis of cell surface antigen. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:349408. doi.org/10.1155/2013/349408. PubMed PMID: 23484112. PubMed PMCID: 3591120.
Keshtkar M, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Khoshfetrat SM, Mehrgardi MA, Aghaei M. Aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles as targeted magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for breast cancer. J Med Signals Sens. 2016;6(4):243-247. PMCID: PMC5157001.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abdolahi M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide-C595: Potential MR imaging contrast agents for ovarian cancer detection. J Med Phys. 2013;38:198-204. doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.121198. PubMed PMID: 24672155. PubMed PMCID: 3959000.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abdolahi M. Detection of MUC1-expressing ovarian cancer by C595 monoclonal antibody-conjugated SPIONs using MR imaging. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:609151. doi.org/10.1155/2013/609151. PubMed PMID: 24194685. PubMed PMCID: 3806490.
Ghasemian Z, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Manouchehri S. Cobalt Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agent: An In vitro Study. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2015;7:64-8. PubMed PMID: 26140183. PubMed PMCID: 4483316.
Hola K, Markova Z, Zoppellaro G, Tucek J, Zboril R. Tailored functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI, drug delivery, magnetic separation and immobilization of biosubstances. Biotechnol Adv. 2015;33:1162-76. doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.003. PubMed PMID: 25689073.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Keshtkar M. Magnetic nanoparticles and cancer treatment. Immunopathologia Persa. 2016;2(1).
Laurent S, Dutz S, Hafeli UO, Mahmoudi M. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia: focus on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2011;166:8-23. doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.04.003. PubMed PMID: 21601820.
Hilger I, Kaiser WA. Iron oxide-based nanostructures for MRI and magnetic hyperthermia. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012;7:1443-59. doi.org/10.2217/nnm.12.112. PubMed PMID: 22994960.
Wu W, He Q, Jiang C. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and surface functionalization strategies. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2008;3:397-415. doi.org/10.1007/s11671-008-9174-9. PubMed PMID: 21749733. PubMed PMCID: 3244954.
Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander Elst L, et al. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev. 2008;108:2064-110. doi.org/10.1021/cr068445e. PubMed PMID: 18543879.
Shukla R, Bansal V, Chaudhary M, Basu A, Bhonde RR, Sastry M. Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles and their endocytotic fate inside the cellular compartment: a microscopic overview. Langmuir. 2005;21:10644-54. doi.org/10.1021/la0513712. PubMed PMID: 16262332.
Jin H, Kang KA. Application of novel metal nanoparticles as optical/thermal agents in optical mammography and hyperthermic treatment for breast cancer. Oxygen Transport to Tissue Xxviii: Springer; 2008. p. 45-52.
Mahmoudi M, Simchi A, Milani AS, Stroeve P. Cell toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2009;336:510-8. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.046. PubMed PMID: 19476952.
Pieters R, Huismans DR, Leyva A, Veerman AJ. Comparison of the rapid automated MTT-assay with a dye exclusion assay for chemosensitivity testing in childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 1989;59:217-20. doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1989.44. PubMed PMID: 2930687. PubMed PMCID: 2247012.
Gawande MB, Velhinho A, Nogueira ID, Ghumman C, Teodoro O, Branco PS. A facile synthesis of cysteine–ferrite magnetic nanoparticles for application in multicomponent reactions—a sustainable protocol. Rsc Advances. 2012;2:6144-9. doi.org/10.1039/c2ra20955a.
Wang A-J, Li Y-F, Li Z-H, Feng J-J, Sun Y-L, Chen J-R. Amperometric glucose sensor based on enhanced catalytic reduction of oxygen using glucose oxidase adsorbed onto core-shell Fe 3 O 4@ silica@ Au magnetic nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2012;32:1640-7. doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.055.
Hussain RF, Nouri AM, Oliver RT. A new approach for measurement of cytotoxicity using colorimetric assay. J Immunol Methods. 1993;160:89-96. doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(93)90012-V. PubMed PMID: 8450240.
Gaihre B, Hee Lee Y, Khil MS, Yi HK, Kim HY. In-vitro cytotoxicity and cell uptake study of gelatin-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Microencapsul. 2011;28:240-7. doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2011.557747. PubMed PMID: 21545315.
Singh N, Jenkins GJ, Asadi R, Doak SH. Potential toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Nano Rev. 2010;1. doi.org/10.3402/nano.v1i0.5358. PubMed PMID: 22110864. PubMed PMCID: 3215220.