Document Type : Original Research

Authors

• S A R Mortazavi ¹
• S Parhoodeh ²
• M A Hosseini ³
• H Arabi ¹
• H Malakooti ¹
• S Nematollahi ⁴
• G Mortazavi ³
• L Darvish ⁵
• S M J Mortazavi ^{3, 6}

¹ Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

² Physics Department, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

³ Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁴ Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁵ Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

⁶ Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: It has been shown that short-wavelength blue component of the visible light spectrum can alter the circadian rhythm and suppress the level of melatonin hormone. The short-wavelength light emitted by smartphones’ screens can affect the sleep quality of the people who use these devices at night through suppression of melatonin.
Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of covering the screens of smartphones with different filters (changing the effective wavelength of the light) on sleep delay time in 43 healthy students.
Materials and Methods: Volunteer students were asked to go to bed at 23:00 and to use their mobile phones in bed for watching a natural life documentary movie for 60 minutes. No filter was used for one night while amber and blue filters were used for other 2 nights. Photospectrometry method was used to determine the output spectrum of the light passing through the filters used for covering the screens of the mobile phones. The order for utilizing amber or blue filters or using no filter was selected randomly. After 1 hour, the participants were asked to record their sleep delay time measured by a modified form of sleep time record sheet.
Results: The mean sleep delay time for the “no-filter” night was 20.84±9.15 minutes, while the sleep delay times for the nights with amber and blue filters were 15.26±1.04 and 26.33±1.59 minutes, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study support this hypothesis that blue light possibly suppresses the secretion of melatonin more than the longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum. Using amber filter in this study significantly improved the sleep quality. Altogether, these findings lead us to this conclusion that blocking the short-wavelength component of the light emitted by smartphones’ screens improves human sleep.

Keywords

• Smartphones
• Mobile Phones
• Blue Light
• Sleep Quality
• Display
• Screen