Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phone Jammer Exposure on Blood Factors in Rats

Shojaeifard, M B; Jarideh, S; Owjfard, M; Nematollahii, S; Talaei-Khozani, T; Malekzadeh, S

doi:10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.912

Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phone Jammer Exposure on Blood Factors in Rats

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

M B Shojaeifard ¹^{, 2}

S Jarideh ²

M Owjfard ²

S Nematollahii ³

T Talaei-Khozani ⁴

S Malekzadeh ²

¹ Physiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

² Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

³ Biostatistic Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

⁴ Anatomy Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.912

Abstract

Background: The increasing demand for using mobile phones has led to increasing mobile phone jammers as well. On the other hand, reports show that exposure to electromagnetic field causes an increase in the incidence of diseases such as leukemia, cancer, depression and failure in pregnancy outcomes; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields of mobile phone jammers on blood factors.
Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar immature and thirty mature rats were selected randomly and each one was divided into three groups of ten. The control group did not receive any radiation; the sham group was exposed to a switched-off jammer device and the experimental group was exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiated by Mobile Phone Jammer daily eight hours for five days a week during forty days. Blood sample was taken from heart and blood factors including PLT, MCHC and RDWCV were measured. The data were analyzed by ANOVA which was followed by Duncan’s test.
Results: The data from mature rats revealed that jammer usage led to a significant difference in blood factors including RBC, platelet, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV and RDWCV (P≤0.05); however, the number of lymphocytes, WBC and MCVH in the blood was the same in all groups. In immature rats, the exposure to jammer did not change RBC, lymphocyte and WBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit; while, the platelet count along with MCHC, MVC and RDWCV changed by jammer radiation.
Conclusion: The results exhibited that mobile phone jammer caused frequent changes in blood cell factors.

Keywords

Electromagnetic Field (EMF)

Radiation

Mobile Phone Jammer

Blood Cell Factors

Wood AW. Non-ionizing Radiation Protection: Summary of Research and Policy Options. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2017.
Purohit A, Shukla A, Pandey D, Nishad Y. Mobile Jammer Circuit. International Journal of Research in Science & Engineering. 2017;3:264-8.
Hao D, Yang L, Chen S, Tong J, Tian Y, Su B, et al. Effects of long-term electromagnetic field exposure on spatial learning and memory in rats. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:157-64. doi: 10.1007/s10072-012-0970-8. PubMed PMID: 22362331.
Barsam T, Monazzam MR, Haghdoost AA, Ghotbi MR, Dehghan SF. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on sleep quality in high voltage substations. Iranian J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2012;9:15. doi: 10.1186/1735-2746-9-15. PubMed PMID: 23369281; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3561068.
Testylier G, Tonduli L, Malabiau R, Debouzy JC. Effects of exposure to low level radiofrequency fields on acetylcholine release in hippocampus of freely moving rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2002;23:249-55. PubMed PMID: 11948603.
Hossmann KA, Hermann DM. Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003;24:49-62. doi: 10.1002/bem.10068. PubMed PMID: 12483665.
Wang Y, Cao ZJ. Radiation from mobile phone and the health. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2006;35:520-3. PubMed PMID: 16986537.
Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Steding-Jessen M, Schuz J. Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study. BMJ. 2011;343:d6387. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6387. PubMed PMID: 22016439; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3197791.
Zmyslony M, Politanski P, Rajkowska E, Szymczak W, Jajte J. Acute exposure to 930 MHz CW electromagnetic radiation in vitro affects reactive oxygen species level in rat lymphocytes treated by iron ions. Bioelectromagnetics. 2004;25:324-8. doi: 10.1002/bem.10191. PubMed PMID: 15197754.
Mortavazi S, Habib A, Ganj-Karami A, Samimi-Doost R, Pour-Abedi A, Babaie A. Alterations in TSH and Thyroid Hormones following Mobile Phone Use. Oman Med J. 2009;24:274-8. doi: 10.5001/omj.2009.56. PubMed PMID: 22216380; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3243874.
Razavinia A, Ahmadi R, Gohari A. The Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Serum Levels of Progesterone in Female Rats. 2-3 May 2014. Antalya: International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences; 2014. pp. 19–20.
Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field on TSH and thyroid hormones in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2005;157:257-62. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.03.006. PubMed PMID: 15917150.
Zuckerman K. Approach to the anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eritors. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.
Wen Y. High red blood cell distribution width is closely associated with risk of carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2010;15:37-40. PubMed PMID: 20959889; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2954027.
Danese E, Lippi G, Buonocore R, Benati M, Bovo C, Bonaguri C, et al. Mobile phone radiofrequency exposure has no effect on DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in human lymphocytes. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5:272. doi: 10.21037/atm.2017.04.35. PubMed PMID: 28758098; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5515807.
Sajin G, Al D, Savopol T, Roxana M, Eugenia K, editors . 2.45 GHz microwave radiation effects in nonthermal damaging of the human erythrocyte membrane. 4 September 1995. Bolognan: Microwave Conference, 1995 25th European; 1995.
Lippi G, Danese E, Brocco G, Gelati M, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M. Acute effects of 30 minutes of exposure to a smartphone call on in vitro platelet function. Blood Transfus. 2017;15:249-53. doi: 10.2450/2016.0327-15. PubMed PMID: 27177410; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5448831.
Sarookhani M, Safari A, Zahedpanah M, Rezaei MA, Zaroushani V. Effects of 950 MHz mobile phone electromagnetic fields on the peripheral blood cells of male rabbits. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;6:300-4.
Alghamdi MS, El-Ghazaly NA. Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field on of some hematological parameters in mice. Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2012;2:30-42.
Dasdag S, Sert C, Akdag Z, Batun S. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on hematologic and immunologic parameters in welders. Arch Med Res. 2002;33:29-32. PubMed PMID: 11825628.
Selmaoui B, Bogdan A, Auzeby A, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y. Acute exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field does not affect hematologic or immunologic functions in healthy young men: a circadian study. Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17:364-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1996)17:53.0.CO;2-1. PubMed PMID: 8915545.
Sayed AG, Rizkallah SS, Lashin YR, Rashed LA. Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on Platelets Count and Coagulation Process in Healthy Subjects. International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research. 2017;6:153-7.
Cakir DU, Yokus B, Akdag MZ, Sert C, Mete N. Alterations of hematological variations in rats exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz). Arch Med Res. 2009;40:352-6. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.07.001. PubMed PMID: 19766897.
Aziz IA, El-Khozondar HJ, Shabat M, Elwasife K, Mohamed-Osman A. Effect of electromagnetic field on body weight and blood indices in albino rats and the therapeutic action of vitamin C or E. Romanian Journal of Biophysics. 2010;20:235-44.
Friis-Hansen B. Body water compartments in children: changes during growth and related changes in body composition. Pediatrics. 1961;28:169-81. PubMed PMID: 13702099.
Miklavcic D, Pavšelj N, Hart FX. Electric properties of tissues. New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons; 2006.