Document Type : Technical Note
Authors
Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Abstract
In diagnostic radiology, entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) is one of the patient radiation dose quantities, and the effective dose is used as an estimator of possible risk for radiation exposure level. Calculation of the ESAK and effective dose requires both X-ray machine parameters and patient exposure parameters. Due to the high performance of smartphones and the increase in mobile applications, this study aimed to develop a mobile application to estimate the ESAK and effective dose in general radiography. The ESAK calculator was then developed using Android studio software, which is a standalone application operating on Android operating system version 5.0 or higher. X-ray machine parameters are initially required for calculating X-ray output. For the ESAK and effective dose calculation, exposure parameters for each examination are needed. The results showed that the average score of satisfaction was 4.64±0.13, which was very satisfactory. In conclusion, the ESAK calculator could be used for estimating ESAK and effective dose for individual radiographic examination.
Highlights
Thanyawee Pengpan (Google Scholar)
Keywords
- The Mobile Economy 2021: Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA). 2021 [cited 2021 February 7]. Available from: https://www.gsma.com/.
- Lohnari T. Mobile learning: revolutionizing education. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science. 2016;4(3):734-7.
- Kuoppamäki SM, Taipale S, Wilska TA. The use of mobile technology for online shopping and entertainment among older adults in Finland. Telematics and Informatics. 2017;34(4):110-7.
- Mosa AS, Yoo I, Sheets L. A systematic review of healthcare applications for smartphones. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2012;12(1):1-31.
- Roslan NN, Jamaluddin MN, Ibrahim AF, Fauzi SS, Razak TR, Gining RA. iNutritionApp: Mobile Application for Nutrition Monitoring using FatSecret API. Journal of Computing Research and Innovation. 2021;6(2):119-27.
- Boulos MN, Brewer AC, Karimkhani C, Buller DB, Dellavalle RP. Mobile medical and health apps: state of the art, concerns, regulatory control and certification. Online J Public Health Inform. 2014;5(3):229. doi: 10.5210/ojphi.v5i3.4814. PubMed PMID: 24683442. PubMed PMCID: PMC3959919.
- Modi J, Sharma P, Earl A, Simpson M, Mitchell JR, Goyal M. iPhone-based teleradiology for the diagnosis of acute cervico-dorsal spine trauma. Can J Neurol Sci. 2010;37(6):849-54. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100051556. PubMed PMID: 21059550.
- Kao CK, Liebovitz DM. Consumer Mobile Health Apps: Current State, Barriers, and Future Directions. PM R. 2017;9(5S):S106-15. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.02.018. PubMed PMID: 28527495.
- Dosimetry in diagnostic radiology: an international code of practice. Technical Reports Series No. 457; Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 2007.
- Martin CJ, Harrison JD, Rehani MM. Effective dose from radiation exposure in medicine: Past, present, and future. Phys Med. 2020;79:87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.020. PubMed PMID: 33197830.
- Harrison JD, Balonov M, Bochud F, Martin CJ, Menzel HG, et al. The use of dose quantities in radiological protection: ICRP publication 147 Ann ICRP 50(1) 2021. J Radiol Prot. 2021;41(2):410. doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/abe548. PubMed PMID: 33571972.
- ICRP publication 103. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP. 2007;37(2-4):1-332. doi: 10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003. PubMed PMID: 18082557.
- Székely A, Talanow R, Bágyi P. Smartphones, tablets and mobile applications for radiology. Eur J Radi 2013;82(5):829-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.11.034. PubMed PMID: 23312700.
- Rodrigues MA, Visvanathan A, Murchison JT, Brady RR. Radiology smartphone applications; current provision and cautions. Insights Imaging. 2013;4(5):555-62. doi: 10.1007/s13244-013-0274-4. PubMed PMID: 23912880. PubMed PMCID: PMC3781246.
- Gupta S, Johnson EM, Peacock JG, Jiang L, et al. Radiology, Mobile Devices, and Internet of Things (IoT). J Digit Imaging. 2020;33(3):735-46. doi: 10.1007/s10278-019-00311-2. PubMed PMID: 31898039. PubMed PMCID: PMC7256153.
- Ataei G, Cham S, Niksirat F, Ebrahimnejad Gorji K, Shabestani Monfared A. Developing a Mobile Phone Application for Common Radiotherapy Calculations. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2020;10(2):235-40. doi: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1216. PubMed PMID: 32337191. PubMed PMCID: PMC7166221.
- Vañó E, Miller DL, Martin CJ, Rehani MM, Kang K, et al. ICRP Publication 135: Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging. Ann ICRP. 2017;46(1):1-144. doi: 10.1177/0146645317717209. PubMed PMID: 29065694.
)